Showing posts with label Abhyasa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Abhyasa. Show all posts

Thursday, March 6, 2014

(Mar 6,2014) Spiritual Message for the Day – Practice without Remission of Effort by Swami Krishnananda



 Practice without Remission of Effort
Divine Life Society Publication: Chapter 54: The Study and Practice of Yoga by Swami Krishnananda

The practice mentioned is for the purpose of directing the mind slowly towards its final achievement and for the attenuation of all the obstacles. One cannot see the light of day at the very commencement of the practice. 

The difficulties and pains that are consequent upon one’s strenuous effort are due to the thick layer of samskaras and karmas which have been accumulated in oneself since many births. The very personality of the individual is nothing but a bundle of karmas. Only by continued practice, we can face the difficulties, problems, pains and samskaras. It is a necessary ordeal that one has to pass through for the sake of scrubbing out all the encrustations in the form of anything that goes to make up this personality of ours. The five koshas are various densities of the manifestation of desire and they are like the dense clouds which cover the bright sun and make it appear as if the sun does not exist at all. But the kleshas,or these obstacles, become attenuated gradually due to the pressure of practice, abhyasa, and the accompanied vairagya. For the purpose of generating within oneself a feeling towards the achievement of one’s goal, which is samadhi, and for the obviating of all the obstacles, practice should be continued.

The watchword of yoga is practice – abhyasa. When continued practice is resorted to, the force of the practice keeps all these impediments in check. There is first a sense of renunciation – everything is cast out, and we feel that we are directly in the face of God Himself, where we are perfectly protected from all forces that are opposed to us. It is not true that the path of yoga is a smooth movement, a continuous ascent, one step rising above another step, steadily. One step ahead of us may be visible, but the step after that cannot be seen because the path has turned.

There should be no discomfiture about our future. Everything shall be all right; one day there shall be success. We should not ask for the fruit to fall from the tree merely because we have sown the seed for the tree today. It shall have its own time for maturity and ripening. 

So by the practice of yoga, which is expected to be a very strenuous all the obstacles will disperse, and the mind will tend towards the goal. The whole effort is directed in respect of not allowing the mind to go to the objects. The positive effort of the mind should be towards contemplation on the goal of life. We must stay positively strong, healthy and robust. 

The confidence and the power of will that one has to manifest in this practice are almost superhuman because, while the inward tendencies of the mind towards its goal always remain submerged and never become visible outside, the problems will always be visible before the eyes. We will see only the problems, the evil, the ugliness, the pain, the sorrow, the difficulty and the almost impossibility of doing anything in this world. The positive side will be like the undercurrent of these outer waves that are dashing upon us, and it will not be felt in the beginning stages.

The reason is that we are floating on the surface. We have not gone deep into things. When we are on the surface of the ocean, we will be subject only to the onslaught of the waves. The calmness of the bottom of the ocean is not known, because we have not sunk deep. We cannot go into the bottom of the ocean because the waves will not allow us to go. The moment we try to escape being hit by one wave, we will be hit by another wave. But once we go in, we will not see the waves at all. There is a profundity, a depth, a deep silence and a grandeur whose powers are far superior to the clattering noises that the waves make on the surface; and the silence of the spirit will be realized to be more thunderous than the shattering noises of the senses and the sensuous mind.

For the purpose of directing the mind towards samadhi, to generate within oneself the feeling towards the ultimate goal, to create in oneself a confidence that one is moving in the right direction as well as to put down all the obstacles, one has to set oneself to practice, without remission of effort. We should not withdraw the effort merely on the assumption that success is not forthcoming. We should not lose hope, because if we dig twenty feet and then think that nothing has come and we give up hope – well, we are going to be the loser, because water may be there at the twenty-first foot.

There is an old story of a devotee of Lord Siva. It seems he used to carry a pot of water from a distant river for abhisheka in the temple, and he was told by his Guru, “Do abhisheka in this manner 108 times, and you will have darshan of Lord Siva.” This disciple followed the instruction of the Guru, and was indefatigably working, sweating and toiling, carrying this holy water from a distant river and doing abhisheka to the murti, the linga of Lord Siva in the temple. He did it 107 times and got fed up. He said, “107 times I have done it; nothing is coming, and is one more pot going to bring anything?” He threw the pot on the head of Siva and went away. Then it seems, a voice came, “Foolish man! You were patient enough for 107. You could not wait for one more pot? And that would have worked the miracle!”

Likewise may be the fate of many people like us. We may be working very hard. We may be spending half of our life in sincere effort towards achieving something, but at the last moment we lose hope and give up the effort altogether. The advice of Patanjali is that this should not be.

Excerpts from:

Practice Without Remission of Effort - Chapter 54: The Study and Practice of Yoga by Swami Krishnananda

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Monday, August 19, 2013

(Aug 24,2013) Weekly Svadhyaya - Abhyasa of Vairagya by Swami Chidananda


Abhyasa of Vairagya

Radiant immortal Atman! You are mumukshus and jignAsus. A mumukshu is one who aspires after Moksha. A jignAsu is one who is in search of jnana. What is it that has to be known? You have to know about your body, mind, intellect, ethical principles, moral rectitude, behaviour, spirituality, about Atman and Anatman, about Brahman and Maya, about the permanent and impermanent, about the universe and man.

Body: The spiritual life is lived by the seeker in a body. Therefore, laws governing welfare of the physical body – suitable food, healthy habits, right posture, the correct amount of sleep, the tendency of the body to develop good and bad habits – have to be known.

Mind: Everything one does, one does through thoughts of mind. You think, you plan, and then you put it into action. Therefore, knowledge of mind is also essential. Mind is wayward. Sometimes it goes the wrong way. So, how to keep the mind in the right direction? What governs, chastens and checks the mind?

Buddhi: It is discriminating faculty, the intellect. Know what is sattvic, what is rajasic and what is tamasic. Initiate right enquiry. Discriminating between the positive and the negative, between that which elevates and that which takes you down.

Ethical Values: If you do not have a high sense of moral rectitude and ethical correctness, then, in spite of your brilliant intellect knowledge, you will be a slave, you will be in darkness. Sri Ramakrishna used to say “Such a person is a leaky pot. No matter how much you try to keep it filled, it will be empty.”

Thus integrated knowledge is necessary, if you are to move towards the Goal sufficiently equipped. Then alone spiritual progress becomes progressive, positive and creative. The constant positive application of the body, mind, intellect and ethical consciousness is termed as abhyasa (practice); and the protection of these instruments and preventing them from taking the wrong direction and ceasing the move constantly upwards is called vairagya. These two keynotes of sadhana – abhayasa and vairagya – have been placed before us in the Gita by Lord Krishna. These twin factors can work miracles for you; they can achieve for you what is seemingly impossible. That is what you should strive after. Therein lies your guarantee of supreme blessedness. God bless you in this sincere and earnest endeavour in your abhyasa, vairagya and sadhana, and in your striving for Knowledge and Liberation.

Additional Reading
Control of the Mind By Swami Sivananda


Peace of Mind & Self Control By Swami Krishnananda

Life as a Yajna or Sacrifice By Swami Krishnananda


The Process of Sadhana By Swami Krishnananda

Saturday, August 17, 2013

(August 17,2013) Abhyasa and Vairagya – Practice and Dispassion

Abhyasa and Vairagya – Practice and Dispassion
Divine Life Society Publication: Chapter22- True Spiritual Living by Swami Sivananda

The control of the mind is effected by a spirit of renunciation and tenacity of practice, says Patanjali: abhyasa vairagyabham tannirodhah. The nirodha, or the discipline or inhibition of the modification of the mind, is effected by two consistent efforts – the spirit of dispassion, and persistent practice. The effort of the mind to repeatedly think the same thing, and not allow itself to think anything else other than what it has chosen for its ideal, may be regarded as 'practice' for the purpose of yoga.

A deep, whole-souled concentration or absorption of the mind on a given subject, an object, or a concept, works a wonder. A thing that is far off, is impossible of achievement or acquisition, ordinarily speaking. But the mind which is connected to objects, can overcome the barrier of space and time; and by repeated concentration on what it wishes to achieve, acquire, possess or experience, it can materialize that object at the spot by abolishing the distinction between the subject and the object that is brought about by the factors of space and time.  What makes it difficult for us to achieve anything, possess anything or experience anything directly is the spatial distance between us and the object. We have to abolish this spatial distinction, and this is the purpose of practice.

But, simultaneously, Patanjali says that this kind of effort at abolishing spatial distance between us and the object is impossible unless we have another qualification, called vairagya. Vairagya means a spirit of understanding the true nature of things, on account of which the mind ceases from attaching itself to particular things of the world, knowing very well that every particular object in the world is included in that which it seeks. When this knowledge arises, when there is this discrimination, this ability to understand correctly the relationship of any particular object in the world to that which one is seeking in yoga, there is automatic dispassion. The absence of passion is dispassion; the absence of raga is viraga. The condition of viraga is vairagya. Vairagya and abhyasa should go together.

But vairagya is the most difficult thing to understand. It is one of the things which we very much misinterpret, misconstrue, and mispractice. We may be very seriously attached inwardly, but we may be glorious renunciates outside – again due to the fact that the understanding is not going hand-in-hand with the emotion or the feeling. The reason why we cannot be inwardly detached is because our understanding is not friendly with our feelings. A great man said, "The heart has a reason which reason does not know." If this is the condition, the emotions will refute all the assertions of understanding. Intellectual vairagya is no vairagya, because the feeling of detachment is more an emotional condition which touches the vital being in us rather than merely an outward activity of logical judgment.

'Not to need an object' is generally defined as the condition of vairagya. Not that we cannot get it, or we are exerting not to think about it. But we have no necessity for it, because of various reasons. One reason is that it is an illusion or optical illusion, like the rainbow or the water in a mirage. So, when we realize that the thing is itself not there and we are under a misconception about it, and we are very thoroughly convinced about it, then, of course, we will not get attached to it. For instance, we are not attached to the treasure that is seen on the screen in a cinema, because we know it is not there, that it is only a shadow that is cast on the wall or the canvas. But suppose we are not able to realize that it is an illusion, then the emotion will run towards it.

While the discovery of the illusory character of an object may be a factor in stirring a spirit of detachment within us, the spirit of detachment can also come by knowing, “What I have with me already includes the object towards which the senses are moving.” If I have hundred million dollars, one dollar is already included in it, and I need not run after one dollar, because I have hundred million. That is one way. Or, “It is not a dollar at all, it is only a deceptive picture that is kept before me.” Then also the mind will not go there.

How are we to practice vairagya? There is no vairagya without abhyasa, and no abhyasa without vairagya – practice and dispassion.They go together, like two wings of a bird. This is also emphasised in the sixth chapter of the Bhagavadgita: abhyasena tu kaunteya vairagyena ca grhyate (Gita 6.35), says Bhagavan Sri Krishna. "How this turbulent mind can be controlled?" asks Arjuna, "Is it possible at all?" "Yes, it is possible by abhyasa and vairagya."

Therefore, if we are well-established in this double attitude of the consciousness of abhyasa and vairagya, we are already rooted in yoga.

Excerpts from:
Abhyasa and Vairagya - True Spiritual Living by Swami Krishnananda
 
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Friday, June 14, 2013

(June 14,2013) Spiritual Message for the Day – The stages of dispassion (Vairagya)

The stages of dispassion (Vairagya)
Divine Life Society Publication: Peace of Mind and Self-Control by Swami Krishnananda

Four Stages of Dispassion (Vairagya) - Yatamana-Samjna, Vyatireka-Samjna, Ekendriya-Samjna, Vasikara-Samjna
There is a necessity for the development of dispassion (vairagya) and for continued practice (abhyasa), which two, when carried to perfection, are the whole process of yoga. The student should not do anything which will excite the senses. Pratyahara is not possible without a detached consciousness. Dispassion is not any force exercised by the will, but, rather, an understanding. The yoga texts say that there are various stages of dispassion and one cannot suddenly jump to its pinnacle.

The first stage is called yatamana-samjna, or the consciousness of effort necessary towards the attainment of dispassion. 'I am fed up, and I want to be free', is such consciousness, an attempt towards the achievement of success in the chosen direction.

The second stage is vyatireka-samjna or the consciousness of separating the essentials from nonessentials in the effort. Here, the student sifts the situation of his life, whereby the necessary and the unnecessary are discriminated and the true target of effort properly fixed. What really causes attachment, worry and anxiety has to be clearly known and diligently avoided. It is not that the whole world troubles a person always; only certain things seem to be needing attention. In the beginning, one might think that the whole world is bad, but slowly one realizes that a few situations alone are one's troubles.

There comes the third stage where one confronts the actual point of the trouble and a single cause is detected from among the several suspected ones. This is ekendriya-samjna, or the consciousness of the 'one sense' which is the sole cause of the difficulty on the way. The student thought once that the tongue was troubling him or the eyes were the trouble, etc. All the senses were held under suspicion and watched, as the police would make an initial arrest of all those whose bona fide is doubted in a case on hand. When the guilty one is found out after examination, the others are released. First, all the senses are rounded up; and then it is discovered that the mind alone is the mischief-maker. Here, in the third stage, the culprit is caught red-handed.

The fourth state is vasikara-samjna or the consciousness of mastery on account of absence of longing for all things, whether seen or heard. Nothing that is seen in this world, and none of the joys of heaven which are only heard, can now attract the student of yoga. It is not so much a physical isolation of oneself from objects as freedom from craving (trishna) for them. The 'will-to-pleasure' is the evil, not the objects which are made its instruments. It is immaterial where one is placed; one cannot run away from the world, for it is everywhere. Desirelessness (vaitrishnya) is supreme control (vasikara). 

Distance from objects is not dispassion, for 'while the objects go, the longing does not go', says the Gita. One is not in physical contact with objects in dream, and yet one enjoys them there. Pleasure is excited even when objects are not physically present. On the contrary, there is no pleasure even if there be objects in one's proximity, if only the mind is detached from them. Thinking of objects is the first stage of desire. By thought one brings oneself near to them. Complete mastery is that condition in which the senses do not long for and the mind does not think of objects. When these do not function at all in relation to objects, that is said to be the highest dispassion and the zenith of pratyahara.


Continue to read:
Peace of Mind and Self-Control by Swami Krishnananda

If you would like to purchase the print edition, visit:
http://www.dlshq.org/cgi-bin/store/commerce.cgi?
If you would like to contribute to the dissemination of spiritual knowledge please contact the General Secretary at:
generalsecretary@sivanandaonline.org

Wednesday, April 17, 2013

Guide to Sadhaks by Sri Swami Sivananda


Divine Life Society Publication

  1. Reduce your wants to the utmost minimum.
  2. Adapt yourself to circumstances.
  3. Never be attached to anything or anybody.
  4. Share what you have with others.
  5. Be ever ready to serve. Lose no opportunity. Serve with Atma bhava.
  6. Entertain akarta (non-doer) and sakshi bhava (feeling that you are a witness).
  7. Speak measured and sweet words.
  8. Have a burning thirst for God-realization.
  9. Renounce all your belongings and surrender yourself unto God.
  10. Spiritual path is a sharp-edged razor path. A guru is absolutely necessary.
  11. Have great patience and perseverance.
  12. Never leave the abhyasa (practice) even for a day.
  13. The guru will only guide you. You should yourself tread the path.
  14. Life is short. Time of death is uncertain. Apply yourself seriously to yoga sadhana.
  15. Maintain daily spiritual diary and record correctly your progress and failures. Stick to resolves.
  16. Do not complain that there is no time for sadhana. Reduce sleep and tall talk. Stick to Brahma-muhurta.
  17. Let the thought of God (Reality) keep away the thought of the world.
  18. Forget the feeling that you are so and so—a male or a female—by vigorous Brahma chintana (constant thinking of Brahman).
  19. Never postpone a thing for tomorrow if it is possible for you to do it today.
  20. Do not boast or make a show of your abilities. Be simple and humble.
  21. Be cheerful always. Give up worries.
  22. Be indifferent to things that do not concern you.
  23. Fly away from company and discussion.
  24. Be alone for a few hours daily.
  25. Give up greediness, jealousy and hoarding.
  26. Control your emotions by discrimination and vairagya.
  27. Maintain equilibrium of mind always.
  28. Think twice before you speak and thrice before you act.
  29. Give up back-biting, criticizing and fault-finding. Beware of reactions.
  30. Find out your own faults and weaknesses. See only good in others. Praise the virtues of others.
  31. Forgive and forget the harm done by others. Do good to those who hate you.
  32. Shun lust, anger, egoism, moha (infatuation) and lobha (greed), like a venomous cobra.
  33. Be prepared to suffer any amount of pain.
  34. Have a set of maxims always with you to induce vairagva (dispassion).
  35. Treat sensual enjoyment as poison, vomited food, vishta or urine. They cannot give you satisfaction.
  36. Preserve your virya (seminal energy) carefully. Sleep always separately.
  37. Revere ladies as Mother Divine. Root out the sex idea. Prostrate before all.
  38. See God in every face, in everything.
  39. Take to sankirtan, satsanga and prayer when the mind is overpowered by lower instincts.
  40. Face obstacles coolly and boldly.
  41. Care not for criticism when you are in the right path. Yield not to flattery.
  42. Respect rogues and scoundrels. Serve them.
  43. Admit your faults plainly.
  44. Take care of your health. Do not neglect daily asanas and exercises.
  45. Be active and nimble always.
  46. Develop your heart by giving. Be extraordinarily charitable. Give more than one’s expectations.
  47. Desires multiply misery. Develop contentment.
  48. Control the senses one by one.
  49. Develop Brahmakara vritti by repeated thinking.
  50. Have a check over all your thoughts. Keep them pure and sublime.
  51. Do not lose temper when anybody insults, taunts or rebukes you. It is a mere play of words and a variety of sounds.
  52. Rest your mind in God and live in truth.
  53. Be up and doing in the path of perfection.
  54. Have a definite aim in your life and proceed cautiously. 

Tuesday, April 16, 2013

(April 16,2013) Be in a State of Sahaja Samadhi

Be in a State of Sahaja Samadhi
From Divine Life Society Publication “The Process of Yoga” by Swami Krishnananda

Most of our experiences are emotional. We feel exhilarated on the possession of objects and depressed at the loss of them. Yoga psychology deals effectively with these two aspects of human experience – emotion and pure psychological observations of objects through - vairagya and abhyasa.

Vairagya is the emotional detachment of the personality from objects. Raga and dvesha, affection and the opposite of it, are inseparable from our emotional relationship with objects. When we are possessed of emotion, we lose control over ourselves and also lose control over the principles of ethics, morality, and understanding.

The spiritual path is a path of hardship, in the sense that, it is one of discipline(self-control), because it is a voluntary submission of oneself to the demands of the soul, which aspires to be absolutely independent, rather than the desires of the mind, which is always connected with the objects of sense.

Samsara is a mental phenomenon, not a physical connection. Birth and death are experiences of the mind, not of the body; therefore, the liberation that is achieved is also a mental phenomenon, not a physical phenomenon. The body is not connected with your pleasures and pains. It is the mind that enjoys and suffers, so what the mind does is more important.

The first method that you can adopt when the mind thinks of an object of pleasure is to think of the opposite. Pratipaksha­bhavana is the method of substitution, of replacing one emotion with another emotion, the vicious one with the virtuous one, the lower with the higher. Raga ceases by the thought of masters like Hanuman and Bhishma, and dvesha ceases by thinking of masters like Buddha.

The other method which you can adopt is to think of the consequences of the control of the senses. Behind the individual subject there is the universal subject, which pulsates through every mental activity of the individual subject. The wave on the surface of the ocean may be regarded as an individual subject, but behind it and at the bottom of it is the universal subject which is the ocean. Control of the senses is nothing but making the wave subside into the ocean.

Do not try to run after the objects of the world and try to please people in the world. So do not be under the impression that when you are virakta or when you practise vairagya, self-discipline – when you detach yourself from objects of pleasure – you are going to be a loser. You are going to be an immense gainer by spiritual practice.

The third method is the entire sublimation by direct meditation, which is abhyasa.. The sublimation of all emotions and mental activities of every kind is the direct practice of yoga. While the first stage is the control of emotions, the second stage is an attempt at the cessation of every mental activity, even the direct impersonal perception of things. You will not even be conscious of the existence of objects, let alone be attached or averse to them. Abhyasa, which is meditation on reality, is the outcome of vairagya.

The practice of yoga is meditation. In meditation, the mind fixes upon a given concept or an object, by which it is automatically abstracted by way of pratyahara from objects of sense. Pratyahara, dharana and dhyana go together as a concentrated focus of mental activity. Meditation is not merely thinking. You contemplate the whole world through that object. A flag represents the nationality to which we belong, though the flag itself is not nationality. Likewise, the image or the symbol that you use in meditation is not a selected isolated object but a representation of the entire cosmos.

Savitarka, nirvitarka, savichara, nirvichara, sananda, sasmita, etc., are called samadhis, or stages of meditation by which the mind ascends into the higher ladders of objectivity from a single given concept or a form or an image to a wider expression of it, until you reach the whole cosmos of the five elements and their subtle background in the form of the tanmatras, and go still higher into the mahatattva; and finally, Isvaratattva itself becomes the object of your meditation.

The object of your meditation is to rise from the world of phenomena to the world of noumena or reality. Cut short all unnecessary activities. Your daily program should consist only of those items which are absolutely essential for the maintenance of your life socially and spiritually. By awakening ourselves into the realities of a higher life, we tread the path of spirituality and become blessed even in this very life.

In conclusion, may I request you all to contemplate a little more profoundly than you have been doing, up to this time? Be a disciplined person, be a good person, be a spiritual person, be an aspirant of the Reality rather than the phenomena which pass before the eyes. Have the yogic experience of eternity and infinity blending together and be in a state of sahaja samadhi, seeing the Truth everywhere, Reality everywhere. This is spirituality. This is yoga. God bless you.