Showing posts with label Pratyahara. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Pratyahara. Show all posts

Wednesday, September 25, 2013

Meditation and Action by Swami Sivananda


Meditation and Action
Divine Life Society Publication: The Four Paths by Swami Sivananda

 
That man who meditates in a cave in the Himalayas finds it difficult to work in the world. He cannot meditate in the upstairs of a building that is situated in the heart of a city. That man who works in the world finds it equally difficult to remain in a solitary place. Both have not got a balanced mind. Both are not perfect. Both have a one-sided development. The man who can meditate in a solitary retreat for six months and who can work in the world for another six months whole-heartedly, is an ideal Yogi or a perfect man. He is the ideal Karma Yogi. He is really a strong man. He has integral development. Nothing can upset his mind even when he is placed under any unfavorable conditions and bad environments.

If one has practiced Pratyahara or abstraction of the senses he can withdraw his mind, just as the tortoise or snail withdraws its feet underneath its shell. No sound can disturb his mind. The firing of a cannon, the rolling sound of motor-lorries and bullock-carts in the streets cannot make any impression in his mind. He is practically dead to the world, but he is really very busy inside. He can convert a busy city into a big forest. But if a man has no abstraction or concentration he will find a big city in the thick of the forest. Aspirants should watch and test the mind always. They should try to keep this perfect balance. Real meditation gives immense inner strength. If one cannot realize this inner peace and strength, surely there is some error in Sadhana or meditation. Building castles in the air or Manorajya, Tandra and Alasya, sleepy state, brooding, and other negative states of the mind should not be mistaken for Samadhi or meditation. Untrained, inexperienced aspirants always make mistakes and are deluded.

A microscopic minority only are fit for full and deep meditation. The vast majority should combine meditation with action in the beginning. When they really advance in meditation, they can slowly give up action.

Excerpts from:
Meditation and Action - The Four Paths by Swami Sivananda

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Thursday, June 27, 2013

(June 27,2013) Spiritual Message for the Day – Pratyahara (abstraction)


Pratyahara
Divine Life Society Publication: Paths of the Yoga by Swami Sivananda

What Is Pratyahara?

Pratyahara or abstraction is that by which the senses do not associate with their own objects and imitate, as it were, the nature of the mind-stuff (Chitta).

NOTES
Pratyahara is abstraction. It is the withdrawal of the Indriyas from the objects. The senses are assimilated in the mind which is rendered pure through the practice of Yama, Niyama and Pranayama. The mind becomes more calm now. The nature of the Indriyas is to have always connection with the objects. Where the vision is turned outward (Bahirmukha Vritti), the rush of fleeting events engages the mind. The outgoing energies of the mind begin to play. When they are obstructed by the practice of Pratyahara, the other course for them is to mix with the mind and to be absorbed in the mind. The mind will not assume any form of any object. Hitherto, the Indriyas were following the mind like the other bees which follow the queen bee. Just as the bees fly as the queen bee flies, and sit as it sits down, so also, the Indriyas become restrained as the mind is restrained.

Pratyahara itself is termed as Yoga, as it is the most important Anga in Yoga Sadhana. This is the fifth rung in the Yogic ladder. The first four rungs deal with ethical training and purification of body, mind and Nadis. Now with Pratyahara, proper Yoga begins which eventually culminates in Dharana, Dhyana and Samadhi. Hence in Kathopanishad also in Part VI, Sloka 11, you will find: That firm control of the senses, they regard as Yoga. Again in the same Upanishad it is stated in Part IV, Sloka 1: The Self-existent created the senses outgoing, therefore, one sees outside and not the Atman within. Some intelligent man, with his senses turned away from their object, desirous of immortality, sees the Atman within.

Benefits of Pratyahara

Thence (from the practice of Pratyahara), comes the supreme mastery over the senses.

NOTES
Yogins enjoy sound, etc., without Raga and Dvesha. Worldly persons enjoy with Raga and Dvesha. This is the difference. The Yogi, not becoming a slave of the Vishayas, enjoys as a master out of his own free will. The Yogi enjoys by remaining as Tatastha (quite indifferent) with Raga and Dvesha experiencing the effects viz., pleasure and pain. The Indriyas cannot grasp the objects even though they are placed before them. This is Indriya Jaya. There is a difference between control and supreme control. By controlling one Indriya alone, the other four will not come under your control. When the mind is rendered pure and one-pointed and when it is turned inwards towards the Purusha, then and then alone supreme control of all organs follows.

He who has practised Pratyahara can have good concentration and meditation. His mind is always peaceful. This demands patience and constant practice. It takes some years before one is well-established in Pratyahara. He who has mastery over Pratyahara will never complain of Vikshepa or distraction of mind. He can sit in a place in a busy city where four roads meet and meditate whenever he likes. He does not want a cave for meditation. Just as the tortoise draws in on all sides its limbs, so also, the Yogi withdraws all his senses from the objects of sense through the practice of Pratyahara. Pratyahara gives power to the practitioner. When the Indriyas are withdrawn from the objects, then you can fix the mind on a particular point. It is Dharana or concentration which is dealt with in the next chapter. Pratyahara and Dharana are interdependent. You cannot practise one without the other.

Continue to read:
Paths of the Yoga by Swami Sivananda
Pratyahara or Abstraction by Swami Krishnananda
 
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Wednesday, June 26, 2013

June 25,2013 Spiritual message for The Day - Do You Want Time To Think (about) God?

Do You Want Time To Think (about) God?
Divine Life Society Publication: Everything About Spiritual Life by Swami Krishnananda
 
The cosmos is one integrated completeness. We are not merely inside it; we are inseparable from it. The hands and the feet are not inside the body, and they are not outside the body. They are the body. In a similar manner, you can imagine that you are not outside the world, nor also are you inside the world, but you are the world. If that is the case, what are you looking at with your open eyes? You can imagine the error of sensory perception. A deep analysis is called for here in the interest of any spiritual seeker.
 
You will find that this is a hard task, because the habit of consciousness to look outward and place itself in the limited context of an observer of the world is so strong. Indriyani pramathini.  The sense organs have tortuous, impetuous, gale-like force, which are nothing but the avenues of the gushing of consciousness in an externalised fashion through an imagined space-time complex.
 
A spiritual seeker, therefore, is perpetually vigilant. Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, the great saint, in one of his statements, tells how you have to be cautious, and never be wool-gathering. Suppose it is heavily raining, and it is the middle of the night. You find a little shelter – a little thatched hut. You sit there just to have a little respite from the dark and this pouring rain outside. By the starlight, you see that a snake is crawling out of a hole, and another snake is by your side; and behind you is a scorpion. Everywhere you find little creatures coming, dreaded things showing their heads, and you are sitting there because you can’t go out in the heavy rain. Will you sleep even though you are tired? The whole night you will be looking all around, from ten directions, to see what is happening. What happened to your fatigue, and your wish to sleep? It has gone because of the fear of what is there around you. You can give several examples of this kind where it is possible for you to get highly concentrated on a thing, and never forget it.
 
You may say that the mind is very mischievous, the senses are strong, desires are powerful, or that you are unable to concentrate your mind. These arguments arise on account of your lukewarm affection for the ideal that you are choosing. You may be tired, you may be thirsty, you might not have eaten for several days, and you would like to rest, but if you are carrying a large fortune in your pocket, which is your very life, as it were, it will not permit you to think of anything else except that. The value that you see in a thing will enable you to concentrate on it.
 
Perhaps, we cannot see enough value in living a spiritual life. There are so many mistakes we commit in the very thought of what spiritual life is. Often, we think it is an other-worldly life. We think that it is a movement towards a reality that is not in this world, that it is far away from us, that God is not in this world, and that we have to die here in order that we may reach the Absolute which is above this world. The transcendent character of the world, of felicity, God above in heaven – these ideas arise in us because of the limitations to which the sense organs are subject by the operation of space, time, and cause. God is not transcendent. He is neither outside nor inside, nor we can say that He is everywhere. All these ideas arise on account of definitions that we attribute to Him in terms of space, time, and causation.
 
If you know the value of attaining God, you will think nothing else in your mind. But you do not believe that there is as much value as the scriptures, saints and sages say because you think that there is some value in this world also. Who can say that this world is valueless? This pull from the world, which is apparently full of value, contaminates your love for God who is apparently transcendent to your sensory perception. Even the concept of God is vitiated by the involvement of the mind in space, time, and cause. That is why you find even a few minutes of meditation is very difficult. Neither can you do japa, nor chant the name of God, study, svadhyaya, or concentrate – nothing is possible because this world, which is working havoc in terms of our vicious activity of the sense organs, prevents you from knowing the true noumenal indivisibility of Being which is independent of and completely free from the phenomenal texture of your temporal personality.
 
Lots of time is to be devoted for this purpose. Spiritual life is a whole-time occupation. You will live for it, and die for it. Spiritual life is not one kind of activity among other activities in which you are getting involved: “I have to go to the factory, I have to go to the shop, I have to maintain a family, and I have to do meditation also.” So, you consider meditation on God as one among the many other activities of life, not knowing that it is not an activity at all. It is an inwardness of your Being to which you enter, and it comprehends all other things in your enumeration. The factory-going, working, amassing wealth, and all other things are included within this.
 
The indivisible Being, which is the God whom you are aspiring for in your meditations, is inclusive of all things. The mind will not accept this truth. It will say, “It is not so. The world is there. It is beautiful, and it can give a lot of satisfaction.” Who can say it is not? Do you think that this world is hell? The mind says, “It is like heaven. I can get whatever I want from this world,” and it gives a little corner in a limbo of your existence for the seat of God; and finally, you will find that God is completely excommunicated from this world. The world kicks God outside. As in Aesop’s fable, the camel kicked the Arab out of the tent. This is what is happening to poor God. We have given Him a little niche of our life, grudgingly; we have no time for Him, but we do not understand that all time is included in Him.
 
Why do you want time for thinking God when it is Timeless Existence? Do you want time to think God? It is Pure Being as such; it is your existence. Do you want time to exist? How much time do you want to exist? It is a meaningless question. Existence does not require a time. If that is the case, the thought of God, meditation on God, or the absorption of your consciousness in God does not require time, because it is a timeless operation of your consciousness.
 
Knowing all this, withdraw your sense objects. Never be a slave to the temptations of the senses, and do not play second fiddle to the mind, which is just dancing to the tune of the sense organs. Be under the guidance of a good teacher, a master, a guide, because however much you may hear, your mind will not retain all these things. When you go out, 90% of this goes out. Nothing is there; the whole thing is washed off because the mind is powerful. Repeated study, continuous svadhyaya, satsanga with saints and sages, Guru Upadesha, an honest search for God and a real wanting it is required. ‘Real wanting’ is to be underlined. If you really want it, it has to come. As it is well said by a great master, “Ask, and it shall be given.” If you ask for it, it shall be given. If you don’t ask, it is a mistake. So, be happy. God bless you.
 
Continue to read:
Everything About Spiritual Life by Swami Krishnananda
 
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Tuesday, June 25, 2013

Pratyahara by Swami Sivananda


 
 
The Yogic student should practise Pratyahara after getting some success in the practice of Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama. Pratyahara is abstraction or withdrawal of the senses from their objects. The senses are held in check by this practice. Real inner life begins when the aspirant is established in this practice. That Yogic student who jumps at once to the practice of meditation without practising abstraction is a deluded soul. He will have no success in contemplation.
 
Pratyahara checks the outgoing tendencies of the senses. It puts a break, as it were, on the senses. Pratyahara follows automatically the practice of Pranayama. When the life-force is controlled by the regulation or restraint of breath, the senses become thinned out. They are starved to death. They get emaciated. They cannot hiss now when they come in contact with the objects.
 
Pratyahara is a trying discipline. It is disgusting in the beginning but later on it becomes very interesting. You will feel immense inner strength. It demands considerable patience and perseverance. It will give you tremendous power. You will develop immense will-power. During the course of practice, the senses will run again and again like a wild bull towards objects. You will have to withdraw them again and again and fix the mind on the Lakshaya or point. That Yogi who is well established in the practice of Pratyahara can meditate quite calmly even in the battlefield when countless machine-guns are fired.
 
In the practice of Pratyahara you will have to drag the outgoing senses again and again from the sensual objects and fix the mind on your Lakshya or point, just as the cart-driver drags the impetuous bulls and fixes them to the yoke. You must take particular care to drag the senses gently. Some aspirants draw them vehemently. That is the reason why they experience a little headache sometimes.
You should practise withdrawal of the senses one by one. dealing with the most turbulent senses in order. If you try to manipulate all the senses at one time, you will fail.
 
Mind is the commander-in-chief. The senses are the soldiers. The senses cannot do anything without the co-operation of the mind. If you can disconnect the mind from the senses, there will be abstraction of the senses automatically.
 
If one has intense Vairagya, practice of Pratyahara will be easy. Dispassion is the enemy of the senses. Some Yogic students practise Pratyahara for 2 or 3 years and yet do not attain success, the simple reason being that they have not yet fully annihilated the cravings and lurking desires. They get themselves attached to some sensual objects. Discrimination helps a great deal in attaining success in Pratyahara.
 
A Bhakta or a devotee does not practise Pratyahara. He tries to get himself drowned in the Prem of the Lord. He attempts to fix his mind either at His lotus feet or charming face. Consequently he gets established in Pratyahara. A Raja Yogi practises Pratyahara deliberately. A Jnana Yogi does not practise Pratyahara but tries to identify himself with the hidden Self in all objects by negating the names and forms.
 
Divine Life Society Publication: Pratyahara by Swami Sivananda

Monday, June 24, 2013

June 29,2013 (Weekly) - Practice of Pratyahara by Swami Chidananda


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Svadyaya for June 29, 2013
PRACTICE OF PRATYAHARA
  
Majority of yogis may be in a city surrounding with their own families to look after, business to attend to, or service to be done. In their case, pratyahara cannot be an unhampered and undisturbed process of abhyasa, as they have to practice pratyahara in the midst of their daily activities. For them pratyahara has to become a way of life. You must learn how to practise withdrawal even when you are right in the midst of lots of things, people and activities.
 
You must learn the art of inner detachment even in the midst of activity, the art of how to not allow the external objects to go right deep into your consciousness even if they pass before the eyes like a kaleidoscope or a cinema. Detach the mind. Let it have some other background, some other focal point, even in the midst of vyavahara. The yogi should carry on unbroken God-thought, unbroken God-remembrance within himself, always, always.
 
Mahatma Gandhi made a Gujrati translation of Srimad Bhagavad Gita and gave it the name “Anasakti Yoga – The Yoga of Detachment”. He said that this was the message of Gita: “In the midst of the world, be detached from the world like the lotus in the lake, unaffected and uncontaminated by water.” You are involved and occupied in various activities. Why? Because it is your kartavya karma. Yet, in the midst of it all, know that you have nothing to do with it at all. You are in a crowd, and yet, you are alone. You should learn to give only a part of the mind to external vyavahara. Only that much of mind as is absolutely essential and necessary, keeping the rest in God-thought.
 
There is another aspect to it. Supposing, the impression has already entered the mind. All right. Detach the ego and doership from the mind. Say: “No. I refuse to get dragged into this, I refuse to associate myself with it, I stand apart from it. I am only a witness of it. I am the witness-consciousness. So, disconnect your link with the mind. Be a dispassionate, unaffected witness-consciousness. Arjuna was told in the midst of the war that he was to be completely detached, he was to be established in God-remembrance. “Maamanusmara Yudhya Cha – remember Me constantly and fulfil your duty.” [Gita 8.7] Even in the midst of the most intense and dynamically active life, one should be in a state of Yoga inside – “Yogasthah Kuru Karmaani – by being established in Yoga, perform action abandoning attachment.” [Gita 2.48]
 
God Bless You!
Swami Chidananda

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By Swami Sivananda
 
By Swami Krishnananda
 
By Swami Krishnananda
 
By Swami Krishnananda
 
By Swami Krishnananda
 
 
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Friday, June 14, 2013

(June 14,2013) Spiritual Message for the Day – The stages of dispassion (Vairagya)

The stages of dispassion (Vairagya)
Divine Life Society Publication: Peace of Mind and Self-Control by Swami Krishnananda

Four Stages of Dispassion (Vairagya) - Yatamana-Samjna, Vyatireka-Samjna, Ekendriya-Samjna, Vasikara-Samjna
There is a necessity for the development of dispassion (vairagya) and for continued practice (abhyasa), which two, when carried to perfection, are the whole process of yoga. The student should not do anything which will excite the senses. Pratyahara is not possible without a detached consciousness. Dispassion is not any force exercised by the will, but, rather, an understanding. The yoga texts say that there are various stages of dispassion and one cannot suddenly jump to its pinnacle.

The first stage is called yatamana-samjna, or the consciousness of effort necessary towards the attainment of dispassion. 'I am fed up, and I want to be free', is such consciousness, an attempt towards the achievement of success in the chosen direction.

The second stage is vyatireka-samjna or the consciousness of separating the essentials from nonessentials in the effort. Here, the student sifts the situation of his life, whereby the necessary and the unnecessary are discriminated and the true target of effort properly fixed. What really causes attachment, worry and anxiety has to be clearly known and diligently avoided. It is not that the whole world troubles a person always; only certain things seem to be needing attention. In the beginning, one might think that the whole world is bad, but slowly one realizes that a few situations alone are one's troubles.

There comes the third stage where one confronts the actual point of the trouble and a single cause is detected from among the several suspected ones. This is ekendriya-samjna, or the consciousness of the 'one sense' which is the sole cause of the difficulty on the way. The student thought once that the tongue was troubling him or the eyes were the trouble, etc. All the senses were held under suspicion and watched, as the police would make an initial arrest of all those whose bona fide is doubted in a case on hand. When the guilty one is found out after examination, the others are released. First, all the senses are rounded up; and then it is discovered that the mind alone is the mischief-maker. Here, in the third stage, the culprit is caught red-handed.

The fourth state is vasikara-samjna or the consciousness of mastery on account of absence of longing for all things, whether seen or heard. Nothing that is seen in this world, and none of the joys of heaven which are only heard, can now attract the student of yoga. It is not so much a physical isolation of oneself from objects as freedom from craving (trishna) for them. The 'will-to-pleasure' is the evil, not the objects which are made its instruments. It is immaterial where one is placed; one cannot run away from the world, for it is everywhere. Desirelessness (vaitrishnya) is supreme control (vasikara). 

Distance from objects is not dispassion, for 'while the objects go, the longing does not go', says the Gita. One is not in physical contact with objects in dream, and yet one enjoys them there. Pleasure is excited even when objects are not physically present. On the contrary, there is no pleasure even if there be objects in one's proximity, if only the mind is detached from them. Thinking of objects is the first stage of desire. By thought one brings oneself near to them. Complete mastery is that condition in which the senses do not long for and the mind does not think of objects. When these do not function at all in relation to objects, that is said to be the highest dispassion and the zenith of pratyahara.


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Peace of Mind and Self-Control by Swami Krishnananda

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Thursday, June 13, 2013

(June 13,2013) Spiritual Message for the Day – The Aim of Self-Restraint, of Pratyahara in Yoga

The Aim of Self-Restraint, of Pratyahara in Yoga
Divine Life Society Publication: Peace of Mind and Self-Control – The Yoga System by Swami Krishnananda

To enable self-control, we can effectively take help from the symbol given in the Kathopanishad, wherein the senses are compared to horses, the body to the vehicle which they drag, the sense-objects to the roads along which the vehicle moves, the intellect to the driver, the mind to the reins controlling the horses and the individual soul to the rider in the vehicle. The driver directs the horses by means of the reins, the leather-strap or rope which he holds in his hands. This body of ours is the vehicle pulled by the horses of senses. The significance of the symbol is how we have to conduct ourselves in order to be successful in life. The entire life of a human being has to be one of pratyahara in varying degrees. The driver is always cautious that the horses do not hurl the chariot into a ditch, and cannot afford to lose hold of the reins at any time. Vigilance is life, and life is yoga.

A good life is one of perpetual effort in the control of the senses, the passions of the appetitive self. The restive horses run amuck if they are not properly directed, and the vehicle may not reach its destination. They are usually wild and bent upon going their own way. When they tend to go out of direction, hither and thither, the driver tries to bring them back by pulling the reins. Even so has one to bring the senses to the point of control.

The Upanishad exhorts that the senses are extrovert in their activity and can never look within. Rare indeed is that person who, in the midst of the ravaging senses, finds time to behold the light inside. The senses live in a world of objects, of samsara or earthly existence, and the need for pratyahara therefore is on account of the necessity to rise from the mortal to the immortal. The Upanishad prayer is: 'Lead me from the unreal to the real, from darkness to light, from mortality to immortality.' This is the aim of self-restraint, of pratyahara in yoga.

Continue to read:
Peace of Mind and Self-Control - The Yoga System by Swami Krishnananda

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Tuesday, April 16, 2013

(April 16,2013) Be in a State of Sahaja Samadhi

Be in a State of Sahaja Samadhi
From Divine Life Society Publication “The Process of Yoga” by Swami Krishnananda

Most of our experiences are emotional. We feel exhilarated on the possession of objects and depressed at the loss of them. Yoga psychology deals effectively with these two aspects of human experience – emotion and pure psychological observations of objects through - vairagya and abhyasa.

Vairagya is the emotional detachment of the personality from objects. Raga and dvesha, affection and the opposite of it, are inseparable from our emotional relationship with objects. When we are possessed of emotion, we lose control over ourselves and also lose control over the principles of ethics, morality, and understanding.

The spiritual path is a path of hardship, in the sense that, it is one of discipline(self-control), because it is a voluntary submission of oneself to the demands of the soul, which aspires to be absolutely independent, rather than the desires of the mind, which is always connected with the objects of sense.

Samsara is a mental phenomenon, not a physical connection. Birth and death are experiences of the mind, not of the body; therefore, the liberation that is achieved is also a mental phenomenon, not a physical phenomenon. The body is not connected with your pleasures and pains. It is the mind that enjoys and suffers, so what the mind does is more important.

The first method that you can adopt when the mind thinks of an object of pleasure is to think of the opposite. Pratipaksha­bhavana is the method of substitution, of replacing one emotion with another emotion, the vicious one with the virtuous one, the lower with the higher. Raga ceases by the thought of masters like Hanuman and Bhishma, and dvesha ceases by thinking of masters like Buddha.

The other method which you can adopt is to think of the consequences of the control of the senses. Behind the individual subject there is the universal subject, which pulsates through every mental activity of the individual subject. The wave on the surface of the ocean may be regarded as an individual subject, but behind it and at the bottom of it is the universal subject which is the ocean. Control of the senses is nothing but making the wave subside into the ocean.

Do not try to run after the objects of the world and try to please people in the world. So do not be under the impression that when you are virakta or when you practise vairagya, self-discipline – when you detach yourself from objects of pleasure – you are going to be a loser. You are going to be an immense gainer by spiritual practice.

The third method is the entire sublimation by direct meditation, which is abhyasa.. The sublimation of all emotions and mental activities of every kind is the direct practice of yoga. While the first stage is the control of emotions, the second stage is an attempt at the cessation of every mental activity, even the direct impersonal perception of things. You will not even be conscious of the existence of objects, let alone be attached or averse to them. Abhyasa, which is meditation on reality, is the outcome of vairagya.

The practice of yoga is meditation. In meditation, the mind fixes upon a given concept or an object, by which it is automatically abstracted by way of pratyahara from objects of sense. Pratyahara, dharana and dhyana go together as a concentrated focus of mental activity. Meditation is not merely thinking. You contemplate the whole world through that object. A flag represents the nationality to which we belong, though the flag itself is not nationality. Likewise, the image or the symbol that you use in meditation is not a selected isolated object but a representation of the entire cosmos.

Savitarka, nirvitarka, savichara, nirvichara, sananda, sasmita, etc., are called samadhis, or stages of meditation by which the mind ascends into the higher ladders of objectivity from a single given concept or a form or an image to a wider expression of it, until you reach the whole cosmos of the five elements and their subtle background in the form of the tanmatras, and go still higher into the mahatattva; and finally, Isvaratattva itself becomes the object of your meditation.

The object of your meditation is to rise from the world of phenomena to the world of noumena or reality. Cut short all unnecessary activities. Your daily program should consist only of those items which are absolutely essential for the maintenance of your life socially and spiritually. By awakening ourselves into the realities of a higher life, we tread the path of spirituality and become blessed even in this very life.

In conclusion, may I request you all to contemplate a little more profoundly than you have been doing, up to this time? Be a disciplined person, be a good person, be a spiritual person, be an aspirant of the Reality rather than the phenomena which pass before the eyes. Have the yogic experience of eternity and infinity blending together and be in a state of sahaja samadhi, seeing the Truth everywhere, Reality everywhere. This is spirituality. This is yoga. God bless you.

Sunday, March 31, 2013

(March 31,2013) Ashtanga Yoga by Swami Sivananda

Ashtanga Yoga by Swami Sivananda

From Divine Life Society Publication “Yoga in Daily Life” by Swami Sivananda

Patanjali's Raja Yoga is generally termed the Ashtanga Yoga or the Yoga of Eight Limbs, through the practice of which freedom is achieved. These eight limbs are:
  1. Yama or Eternal Vows:
    • Ahimsa (non-violence)
    • Satya (truth)
    • Asteya (non-stealing)
    • Brahmacharya (continence) and
    • Aparigraha (non-avariciousness);
  2. Niyama or Observances:
    • Saucha (purity)
    • Santosha (contentment)
    • Tapas (austerities)
    • Svadhyaya (study) and
    • Ishvarapranidhana (surrender to God);
  3. Asana (firm, comfortable meditative posture);
  4. Pranayama (the regulation of the Vital Force);
  5. Pratyahara (abstraction of the senses and mind from objects);
  6. Dharana (concentration);
  7. Dhyana (meditation); and
  8. Samadhi (superconscious state or trance)
These eight limbs have been scientifically arranged and dealt with. They are the natural steps in the ladder which takes man from his human to the real divine nature. From the gross to the subtle, all the chords that bind the Purusha to Prakriti are cut asunder. This snapping of the ties releases the Purusha to enjoy his Independence, Kaivalya Moksha. This is the goal of Raja Yoga.

Yama and Niyama purify the individual's actions and make them more Sattvic. Tamas and Rajas which are the pillars of Samsara are pulled down through the practice of the Ten Canons of Yama and Niyama. Inner purity is increased. The individual's nature itself is made Sattvic. Asana gives the individual control over the Rajasic impulses; and at the same time it forms the foundation of the grand structure of Antaranga Sadhana, or the Inner Yoga-process. Pranayama brings the aspirant face to face with the Life-Principle. Control of this Life-Principle gives him an insight into its motive force. He is made aware of the fact that it is desire that sustains the life-force. Desire is the cause of externalization of the mind. Desire is the bed of Vrittis. Vrittis together form the mind, and it is the mind that links Purusha with Prakriti. The mind or the Chitta is the subtlest form of Prakriti's manifestations.

If mind is to be destroyed, Vrittis are to be eradicated. If Vrittis are to be eradicated, desire is to be rooted out. The Yogi than rapidly withdraws all the rays of the mind from their external propulsion (Pratyahara). To find the root of the mind, the Seed-Desire, he needs the light of the whole mind. At the same time, prevention of the externalization of the mind breaks the vicious circle, as desire is deprived of its active manifestation. This concentrated beam of light is then directed towards the root of the mind itself (Dharana); and the mind is held in check. Now the consciousness which had so long been flowing outward collects itself and flows back into its source - the Purusha within, which is Dhyana. The link with Prakriti is gone. The Purusha experiences the transcendental state of independence - Kaivalya - in Nirvikalpa Samadhi. Now ignorance is destroyed. The Purusha realizes that it was only His consciousness that gave Prakriti its power to please Him, to give Him joy, to delude Him, and to bind Him. He enjoys the bliss of His own nature and remains for ever independent and blissful. All thought ceases once for all in Nirvikalpa Samadhi. The seeds of Desire and Vasanas and Samskaras are fried in toto; this is Nirbija Samadhi. The Yogi in this supreme state loses all external consciousness, all awareness of duality and multiplicity; he loses even the I-idea (Asmita) in Asamprajnata Samadhi. That is the Supreme State where the Seer (Purusha) is established in His own Svarupa.
Do not imagine that you are an Uttama Adhikari and that you have only to sit in meditation and enter into Samadhi. You will have a terrible downfall. Even after years of practice you will find you have not progressed an inch forward, because there are deep within you lurking desires and cravings, evil Vrittis which are far beyond your reach. Be humble. Make a searching analysis of your heart and mind. Even if you are really a first-class aspirant, think you are an aspirant of the lowest class and practice the eightfold Sadhana prescribed by Raja Yoga. The more time you spend in the first two steps, viz., Yama and Niyama, the less will be the time needed to attain perfection in meditation. It is the preparation that takes very long. But do not wait for perfection in Yama and Niyama, in order to take up the higher practices of Asana, Pranayama and meditation. Try to get established in Yama and Niyama, and at the same time practice Asana, Pranayama and meditation as much as you can. The two must go hand in hand. Then success will be rapid. You will soon enter into Nirvikalpa Samadhi and attain Kaivalya Moksha. What that supreme state is no one has described, and no words can describe. Practice, O bold aspirant, and realize it for yourself. May you shine as a Yogi in this very birth!


Continue to read:
Yoga in Daily life by Swami Sivananda
Raja Yoga by Swami Sivananda